Global Net Reproduction Rate

1.06
Net Reproduction Rate
16.69
Crude Birth Rate
134,279,612
Overall Births

Historic Global Net Reproduction Rate (1950-2023)

The global net reproduction rate peaked in 1963 when the world saw 1.73 female children born per woman. Since then we have seen a steady decline of net reproduction rate, and it is projected decrease even further to the end of this century.

Year Net Reproduction Rate Crude Birth Rate Overall Births
1950 1.6382 36.837 92,083,258
1951 1.643 36.502 92,836,900
1952 1.73 37.672 97,606,684
1953 1.717 36.948 97,555,839
1954 1.7626 37.269 100,348,054
1955 1.7792 37.069 101,807,356
1956 1.7692 36.353 101,827,191
1957 1.8274 37.073 105,977,909
1958 1.7915 35.858 104,557,392
1959 1.6619 34.32 101,921,643
1960 1.5999 33.871 102,262,439
1961 1.6301 32.914 100,989,852
1962 1.8716 35.814 112,053,316
1963 1.9902 37.477 119,818,714
1964 1.9364 35.936 117,393,293
1965 1.9125 35.34 117,932,234
1966 1.8802 34.403 117,182,361
1967 1.8519 33.619 116,839,776
1968 1.9092 34.318 121,750,025
1969 1.8819 33.729 122,122,848
1970 1.8707 33.583 124,117,185
1971 1.8172 32.797 123,647,417
1972 1.7839 32.064 123,275,037
1973 1.7443 31.445 123,269,476
1974 1.69 30.645 122,436,994
1975 1.6239 29.613 120,491,005
1976 1.5887 29.125 120,647,815
1977 1.5503 28.476 120,040,242
1978 1.5337 28.284 121,337,099
1979 1.5371 28.465 124,287,659
1980 1.5341 28.527 126,793,222
1981 1.528 28.541 129,152,540
1982 1.5343 28.752 132,513,060
1983 1.4806 27.92 130,982,626
1984 1.4745 27.928 133,397,030
1985 1.4641 27.851 135,419,518
1986 1.4658 27.958 138,419,612
1987 1.4604 27.877 140,544,952
1988 1.4236 27.278 139,993,375
1989 1.4113 27.024 141,176,680
1990 1.3974 26.794 142,451,012
1991 1.3214 25.421 137,391,599
1992 1.2876 24.718 135,753,655
1993 1.2621 24.151 134,692,831
1994 1.2412 23.706 134,185,337
1995 1.224 23.276 133,673,133
1996 1.2069 22.842 133,052,992
1997 1.1931 22.45 132,597,541
1998 1.1792 22.095 132,286,772
1999 1.1725 21.814 132,364,211
2000 1.1779 21.793 134,014,027
2001 1.1674 21.487 133,877,730
2002 1.1592 21.231 134,020,459
2003 1.1525 21.004 134,302,047
2004 1.1506 20.881 135,228,145
2005 1.1478 20.706 135,800,237
2006 1.1494 20.613 136,909,897
2007 1.1537 20.599 138,562,817
2008 1.1566 20.575 140,164,401
2009 1.1579 20.468 141,200,888
2010 1.1529 20.274 141,633,320
2011 1.1513 20.094 142,134,919
2012 1.1626 20.132 144,194,060
2013 1.1529 19.781 143,421,589
2014 1.1525 19.576 143,670,855
2015 1.1423 19.203 142,608,081
2016 1.1456 19.064 143,238,900
2017 1.1385 18.767 142,624,116
2018 1.1136 18.174 139,628,713
2019 1.0988 17.771 137,984,248
2020 1.075 17.237 135,132,602
2021 1.0624 16.94 133,974,696
2022 1.0607 16.801 133,990,598
2023 1.0626 16.69 134,279,612

Statements that define Net Reproduction Rate

  • The Net Reproduction Rate or NRR is a measure of the number of female children that a woman is expected to have in her lifetime, based on current fertility and mortality rates.
  • It is calculated by summing the age-specific fertility rates (ASFR) and subtracting the age-specific mortality rates (ASMR).
  • The NRR is expressed as a ratio, with a value of 1 indicating that a woman is expected to replace herself and have one daughter.
  • The NRR is used to predict population growth and is an important indicator of population dynamics.
  • It can be used to identify trends in fertility and mortality rates, and to forecast future population growth or decline.
  • The NRR is affected by a variety of factors, including fertility rates, mortality rates, and the age structure of the population.
  • It can be used to compare fertility and mortality rates between different populations or over time.
  • The NRR can be influenced by public health policies, such as access to family planning services and maternal and child health care.
  • It is an important tool for policymakers and demographers to understand and forecast population growth and change.
  • Net Reproduction Rate is not the same as Total Fertility Rate

How is Net Reproduction Rate calculated?

The Net Reproduction Rate (NRR) is calculated by taking the sum of the age-specific fertility rates (ASFRs) in a population, and then subtracting the age-specific mortality rates (ASMRs). The ASFRs and ASMRs are expressed as the number of births or deaths per 1,000 population in a specific age group.

To calculate the NRR, you first need to determine the age-specific fertility rates and age-specific mortality rates for each age group in the population. For example, if you are calculating the NRR for a population of women aged 15-49, you would need to determine the number of births per 1,000 women in each of these age groups. Once you have the fertility rates for each age group, you can sum them to get the total fertility rate.

Next, you need to determine the age-specific mortality rates for each age group. This can be done by calculating the number of deaths per 1,000 population in each age group. Once you have the mortality rates for each age group, you can sum them to get the net reproduction rate.

Finally, you can subtract the total mortality rate from the total fertility rate to get the NRR. The NRR is expressed as a ratio, with a value of 1 indicating that a woman is expected to replace herself and have one daughter. A value greater than 1 indicates that the population is growing, while a value less than 1 indicates that the population is shrinking.

NRR = (B−D) / P ∗ 100

Net Reproduction Rate Formula

NRR = ∑ASFR - ∑ASMR
  • ASFR = Age-specific fertility rate
  • ASMR = Age-specific mortality rate

Net Reproduction Rate vs Total Fertility Rate

The Net Reproduction Rate or NRR for short is a measure of the number of daughters that a woman is expected to have in her lifetime. It is based on current fertility and mortality rates. The metric is calculated by taking the sum of the age-specific fertility rates (ASFRs) in a population, and then subtracting the age-specific mortality rates (ASMRs). The NRR is used to predict population growth, and it is expressed as a ratio. A value of 1 means that a woman is expected to replace herself and have one daughter, while a value greater than 1 means that the population is growing. While the Total Fertility Rate (TFR) is a measure of the number of children that a woman is expected to have in her lifetime, based on current fertility rates. It is calculated by summing the age-specific fertility rates (ASFRs) in a population. The TFR is used to predict population growth, and it is expressed as the number of children per woman. A TFR of 2.1 is considered the replacement level, meaning that a woman is expected to have two children to replace herself and her partner. In summary, the NRR takes into account both fertility rates and mortality rates, while the TFR only considers fertility rates.

Future Global Net Reproduction Rate (2023-2100)

Around 2040, the effective total global fertility rate will fall below the replacement rate, which is roughly 2.1 children per woman. This will lead to a stabilization of the world population sometime during the period 2050–2070.

Year Net Reproduction Rate Crude Birth Rate Overall Births
2023 1.0626 16.69 134,279,612
2024 1.0621 16.564 134,484,559
2025 1.0607 16.444 134,712,128
2026 1.0595 16.324 134,907,058
2027 1.0586 16.218 135,198,381
2028 1.0571 16.112 135,455,608
2029 1.0554 16.014 135,746,893
2030 1.0532 15.914 136,008,957
2031 1.0504 15.817 136,253,581
2032 1.0485 15.739 136,648,882
2033 1.0455 15.649 136,911,076
2034 1.0427 15.565 137,204,269
2035 1.0398 15.482 137,470,556
2036 1.0368 15.394 137,671,818
2037 1.0352 15.323 138,003,121
2038 1.0339 15.251 138,294,359
2039 1.0315 15.157 138,366,561
2040 1.03 15.071 138,473,449
2041 1.029 14.984 138,556,575
2042 1.0279 14.895 138,578,249
2043 1.0267 14.797 138,500,159
2044 1.0253 14.695 138,339,673
2045 1.0236 14.585 138,086,249
2046 1.0219 14.474 137,779,995
2047 1.0201 14.36 137,411,816
2048 1.0174 14.235 136,909,723
2049 1.0139 14.101 136,276,046
2050 1.0107 13.975 135,687,397
2051 1.0063 13.837 134,944,954
2052 1.0039 13.733 134,504,577
2053 0.9994 13.607 133,807,372
2054 0.9958 13.5 133,263,988
2055 0.9918 13.395 132,714,688
2056 0.9882 13.303 132,266,791
2057 0.9845 13.214 131,830,892
2058 0.9807 13.131 131,417,752
2059 0.9756 13.037 130,875,447
2060 0.9724 12.974 130,616,046
2061 0.9693 12.915 130,382,676
2062 0.9667 12.866 130,229,106
2063 0.9629 12.802 129,916,034
2064 0.9601 12.753 129,730,585
2065 0.9555 12.681 129,297,695
2066 0.9523 12.626 129,015,560
2067 0.9502 12.584 128,851,429
2068 0.9467 12.523 128,481,564
2069 0.9439 12.468 128,156,285
2070 0.9406 12.405 127,734,032
2071 0.938 12.349 127,366,760
2072 0.9362 12.3 127,057,663
2073 0.934 12.243 126,647,678
2074 0.9312 12.177 126,138,555
2075 0.9287 12.112 125,610,364
2076 0.9258 12.04 125,002,277
2077 0.923 11.968 124,365,479
2078 0.921 11.905 123,814,989
2079 0.9195 11.847 123,303,522
2080 0.9173 11.779 122,675,812
2081 0.9152 11.715 122,061,916
2082 0.9141 11.662 121,564,290
2083 0.9124 11.601 120,968,156
2084 0.9105 11.541 120,365,885
2085 0.908 11.474 119,678,778
2086 0.9054 11.406 118,975,344
2087 0.9034 11.35 118,384,844
2088 0.9023 11.306 117,907,734
2089 0.8997 11.245 117,242,146
2090 0.8977 11.193 116,668,119
2091 0.895 11.134 116,014,029
2092 0.8937 11.095 115,548,650
2093 0.8913 11.043 114,951,659
2094 0.8906 11.012 114,561,354
2095 0.8884 10.965 113,995,198
2096 0.8867 10.925 113,492,904
2097 0.8845 10.879 112,917,957
2098 0.8832 10.844 112,457,152
2099 0.8821 10.811 112,004,380
2100 0.8802 10.769 111,453,746

Net Reproduction Rate by Country

The net reproduction rate varies widley from country to country. As a rule of thumb, the rate is greater in less developed countries. Currently, most countries on the African continent have a reproduction rate of 4-6 births per woman, while most of the developed western world have a fertility rate hovering between 1-2 births per woman.

In 2023, the country with the highest reproduction rate was 🇳🇪 Niger with a rate of 6.74 births per woman. While the country with the lowest net reproduction rate was 🇭🇰 China, Hong Kong SAR with a TFR of only 0.75 new borns per woman.

Country Net Reproduction Rate
🇦🇫Afghanistan 1.9907
🇦🇱Albania 0.6533
🇩🇿Algeria 1.3143
🇦🇸American Samoa 1.0675
🇦🇩Andorra 0.5496
🇦🇴Angola 2.2735
🇦🇮Anguilla 0.6194
🇦🇬Antigua and Barbuda 0.7686
🇦🇷Argentina 0.8939
🇦🇲Armenia 0.7472
🇦🇼Aruba 0.5697
🇦🇺Australia 0.7722
🇦🇹Austria 0.7157
🇦🇿Azerbaijan 0.7607
🇧🇸Bahamas 0.6622
🇧🇭Bahrain 0.8672
🇧🇩Bangladesh 0.9127
🇧🇧Barbados 0.7854
🇧🇾Belarus 0.7284
🇧🇪Belgium 0.7716
🇧🇿Belize 0.9491
🇧🇯Benin 2.0262
🇧🇲Bermuda 0.6673
🇧🇹Bhutan 0.6563
🇧🇴Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 1.1869
🇧🇶Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba 0.7897
🇧🇦Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.6437
🇧🇼Botswana 1.2454
🇧🇷Brazil 0.7781
🇻🇬British Virgin Islands 0.4923
🇧🇳Brunei Darussalam 0.8227
🇧🇬Bulgaria 0.7632
🇧🇫Burkina Faso 1.9513
🇧🇮Burundi 2.1281
🇨🇻Cabo Verde 0.8957
🇰🇭Cambodia 1.0664
🇨🇲Cameroon 1.907
🇨🇦Canada 0.7079
🇰🇾Cayman Islands 0.5809
🇨🇫Central African Republic 2.4212
🇹🇩Chad 2.387
🇨🇱Chile 0.7394
🇨🇳China 0.5563
🇭🇰China, Hong Kong SAR 0.3697
🇲🇴China, Macao SAR 0.5409
🇹🇼China, Taiwan Province of China 0.5513
🇨🇴Colombia 0.8092
🇰🇲Comoros 1.7302
🇨🇬Congo 1.8194
🇨🇰Cook Islands 1.0549
🇨🇷Costa Rica 0.7345
🇭🇷Croatia 0.6987
🇨🇺Cuba 0.6964
🇨🇼Curaçao 0.7899
🇨🇾Cyprus 0.6318
🇨🇿Czechia 0.8216
🇨🇮Côte d'Ivoire 1.8573
🇰🇵Dem. People's Republic of Korea 0.8405
🇨🇩Democratic Republic of the Congo 2.5966
🇩🇰Denmark 0.8305
🇩🇯Djibouti 1.2023
🇩🇲Dominica 0.763
🇩🇴Dominican Republic 1.044
🇪🇨Ecuador 0.9542
🇪🇬Egypt 1.3517
🇸🇻El Salvador 0.8461
🇬🇶Equatorial Guinea 1.8066
🇪🇷Eritrea 1.6963
🇪🇪Estonia 0.808
🇸🇿Eswatini 1.2266
🇪🇹Ethiopia 1.8008
🇫🇰Falkland Islands (Malvinas) 0.7679
🇫🇴Faroe Islands 1.2949
🇫🇯Fiji 1.1362
🇫🇮Finland 0.6776
🇫🇷France 0.8652
🇬🇫French Guiana 1.6591
🇵🇫French Polynesia 0.809
🇬🇦Gabon 1.5723
🇬🇲Gambia 2.0014
🇬🇪Georgia 0.9783
🇩🇪Germany 0.7411
🇬🇭Ghana 1.5366
🇬🇮Gibraltar 0.8654
🇬🇷Greece 0.6623
🇬🇱Greenland 0.9265
🇬🇩Grenada 0.9432
🇬🇵Guadeloupe 0.9839
🇬🇺Guam 1.1968
🇬🇹Guatemala 1.0915
🇬🇬Guernsey 0.7068
🇬🇳Guinea 1.7442
🇬🇼Guinea-Bissau 1.6616
🇬🇾Guyana 1.1104
🇭🇹Haiti 1.2421
🇻🇦Holy See 0.4827
🇭🇳Honduras 1.0967
🇭🇺Hungary 0.7615
🇮🇸Iceland 0.8309
🇮🇳India 0.9195
🇮🇩Indonesia 0.998
🇮🇷Iran (Islamic Republic of) 0.8002
🇮🇶Iraq 1.5953
🇮🇪Ireland 0.8519
🇮🇲Isle of Man 0.7479
🇮🇱Israel 1.4118
🇮🇹Italy 0.6285
🇯🇲Jamaica 0.643
🇯🇵Japan 0.6373
🇯🇪Jersey 0.7167
🇯🇴Jordan 1.3101
🇰🇿Kazakhstan 1.439
🇰🇪Kenya 1.4861
🇰🇮Kiribati 1.4586
🇽🇰Kosovo (under UNSC res. 1244) 0.721
🇰🇼Kuwait 1.0007
🇰🇬Kyrgyzstan 1.3872
🇱🇦Lao People's Democratic Republic 1.1168
🇱🇻Latvia 0.7598
🇱🇧Lebanon 0.987
🇱🇸Lesotho 1.2494
🇱🇷Liberia 1.7284
🇱🇾Libya 1.1134
🇱🇮Liechtenstein 0.6832
🇱🇹Lithuania 0.7877
🇱🇺Luxembourg 0.6785
🇲🇬Madagascar 1.7007
🇲🇼Malawi 1.752
🇲🇾Malaysia 0.8483
🇲🇻Maldives 0.8034
🇲🇱Mali 2.4486
🇲🇹Malta 0.5832
🇲🇭Marshall Islands 1.1879
🇲🇶Martinique 0.9263
🇲🇷Mauritania 1.9299
🇲🇺Mauritius 0.6683
🇾🇹Mayotte 2.0984
🇲🇽Mexico 0.8604
🇫🇲Micronesia (Fed. States of) 1.2361
🇲🇨Monaco 1.008
🇲🇳Mongolia 1.3071
🇲🇪Montenegro 0.8017
🇲🇸Montserrat 0.7456
🇲🇦Morocco 1.0836
🇲🇿Mozambique 2.008
🇲🇲Myanmar 0.9664
🇳🇦Namibia 1.4535
🇳🇷Nauru 1.5557
🇳🇵Nepal 0.9368
🇳🇱Netherlands 0.7929
🇳🇨New Caledonia 0.9499
🇳🇿New Zealand 0.8479
🇳🇮Nicaragua 1.0829
🇳🇪Niger 2.8948
🇳🇬Nigeria 1.9276
🇳🇺Niue 1.1081
🇲🇰North Macedonia 0.6571
🇲🇵Northern Mariana Islands 0.9763
🇳🇴Norway 0.7292
🇴🇲Oman 1.2181
🇵🇰Pakistan 1.5073
🇵🇼Palau 1.065
🇵🇦Panama 1.0807
🇵🇬Papua New Guinea 1.3951
🇵🇾Paraguay 1.1477
🇵🇪Peru 1.028
🇵🇭Philippines 1.2498
🇵🇱Poland 0.707
🇵🇹Portugal 0.663
🇵🇷Puerto Rico 0.6176
🇶🇦Qatar 0.8623
🇰🇷Republic of Korea 0.4267
🇲🇩Republic of Moldova 0.8564
🇷🇴Romania 0.8384
🇷🇺Russian Federation 0.7327
🇷🇼Rwanda 1.7083
🇷🇪Réunion 1.0741
🇧🇱Saint Barthélemy 0.4989
🇸🇭Saint Helena 0.783
🇰🇳Saint Kitts and Nevis 0.7214
🇱🇨Saint Lucia 0.6663
🇲🇫Saint Martin (French part) 1.1417
🇵🇲Saint Pierre and Miquelon 0.7547
🇻🇨Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 0.8469
🇼🇸Samoa 1.7905
🇸🇲San Marino 0.5531
🇸🇹Sao Tome and Principe 1.7403
🇸🇦Saudi Arabia 1.1318
🇸🇳Senegal 1.9972
🇷🇸Serbia 0.7322
🇸🇨Seychelles 1.1054
🇸🇱Sierra Leone 1.6144
🇸🇬Singapore 0.5042
🇸🇽Sint Maarten (Dutch part) 0.7528
🇸🇰Slovakia 0.7594
🇸🇮Slovenia 0.7879
🇸🇧Solomon Islands 1.8025
🇸🇴Somalia 2.4975
🇿🇦South Africa 1.0586
🇸🇸South Sudan 1.7117
🇪🇸Spain 0.6238
🇱🇰Sri Lanka 0.9451
🇵🇸State of Palestine 1.6085
🇸🇩Sudan 1.9419
🇸🇷Suriname 1.0954
🇸🇪Sweden 0.8067
🇨🇭Switzerland 0.7277
🇸🇾Syrian Arab Republic 1.2651
🇹🇯Tajikistan 1.454
🇹🇭Thailand 0.6276
🇹🇱Timor-Leste 1.3525
🇹🇬Togo 1.782
🇹🇰Tokelau 1.2666
🇹🇴Tonga 1.4645
🇹🇹Trinidad and Tobago 0.7663
🇹🇳Tunisia 0.9741
🇹🇲Turkmenistan 1.1974
🇹🇨Turks and Caicos Islands 0.7901
🇹🇻Tuvalu 1.4168
🇹🇷Türkiye 0.8982
🇺🇬Uganda 1.9951
🇺🇦Ukraine 0.614
🇦🇪United Arab Emirates 0.6965
🇬🇧United Kingdom 0.7583
🇹🇿United Republic of Tanzania 2.1202
🇻🇮United States Virgin Islands 1.0185
🇺🇸United States of America 0.8003
🇺🇾Uruguay 0.7107
🇺🇿Uzbekistan 1.2987
🇻🇺Vanuatu 1.7013
🇻🇪Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 1.0338
🇻🇳Viet Nam 0.8918
🇼🇫Wallis and Futuna Islands 0.9163
🇪🇭Western Sahara 1.0524
🇾🇪Yemen 1.6267
🇿🇲Zambia 1.9095
🇿🇼Zimbabwe 1.5192

Population Net Reproduction Rate by Region

Region Net Reproduction Rate
Africa 1.8263
Asia 0.8981
Europe 0.7254
Latin America and the Caribbean 0.879
Northern America 0.7917
Oceania 1.0018

Population Net Reproduction Rate by Sub-region

Sub-region Net Reproduction Rate
Australia/New Zealand 0.7849
Caribbean 0.9462
Central America 0.9098
Central Asia 1.3609
Eastern Africa 1.8474
Eastern Asia 0.5607
Eastern Europe 0.7293
Melanesia 1.3965
Micronesia 1.2663
Middle Africa 2.362
Northern Africa 1.403
Northern Europe 0.7676
Polynesia 1.2296
South America 0.8573
South-Eastern Asia 0.9821
Southern Africa 1.0896
Southern Asia 1.0066
Southern Europe 0.6455
Western Africa 1.9559
Western Asia 1.1993
Western Europe 0.7869

Data Information

Data found on this page is based on the medium fertility variant of the United Nations Revision of World Population Prospects 2022.

Data Sources

The United Nations - Department of Economic and Social Affairs (Population Division)

UN Revision of World Population Prospects 2022

Data Disclaimer

People at database.earth has not verified data entry and collection processes in person. We take all open data provided by governmental and non-governmental organization at face value.

This data is the foundation for most content and visualization found on this page. If you find errors in the representation of the data, please contact us and we will correct it.

All data from sources are archived for future reference.